ABSTRACT
It is a basic prerequisite for the successful completion of endodontic treatment to thoroughly understand the root canal space anatomy. With the development of dental devices in dentistry, the root canal morphology of the mandibular first premolars can be presented in more detail. Before conducting root canal therapy on the mandibular first premolar with complex root canal morphology, it should be necessary to evaluate the potential difficulties and risks for making an appropriate treatment plan. The present paper reviews the research progress on the diversities of root canal morphology in mandibular first premolars in recent years, and then makes technologic recommendations based on the morphology diversities.
Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Pulp Cavity/diagnostic imaging , Bicuspid/anatomy & histology , Mandible , Tooth Root/anatomy & histology , Root Canal TherapyABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the effect of exosomes from mild-inflammation- stimulated human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSC) combined with stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) on dental pulp regeneration in rats. Methods: Primary hDPSCs were isolated, cultured and then stimulated by using lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The exosomes from the hDPSCs with (L-EXO) or without (N-EXO) LPS were extracted by overspeed differential centrifugation and were identified by transmission electron microscopy and Western blotting. Forty SD rats, aged 6-8 weeks, were equally divided into S group (SDF-1 alone), L+S group (L-EXO combined with SDF-1), N+S group (N-EXO combined with SDF-1) and blank control group (no substance implanted into the root canal) by random number table method. Bilateral mandibular first molars were used as the experimental teeth to establish pulpless root canal models and different contents were implanted into the root canals according to the groups. All rats were over-anesthetized and sacrificed at the 30th day after content implantation. Bilateral mandibular tissues were taken for histological evaluation by means of HE, Masson and immunohistochemical stainings. Results: The HE staining showed new pulp-like tissue in the root canals of all three experimental groups. The amount of new tissues and the number of cells in the tissues were greatest in L+S group and least in S group. Masson staining showed that the mineralized tissue in L+S group was arranged longitudinally along the root canal wall and the collagen fibers were arranged in an orderly fashion, while those in N+S group showed an irregular and disordered distribution. Quantitative analysis of the area of neovascularization in each group showed that the density of vessels in the L+S group [(2.03±0.65)%] was significantly higher than that in the S group [(0.65±0.05)%] and the N+S group [(1.06±0.38)%] respectively (F=5.879, P<0.05). Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) was significantly lower in S and L+S groups than in N+S group, with a statistically significant difference (F=8.633, P<0.01). Conclusions: Exosomes secreted by hDPSCs combined with SDF-1 might increase the amount of new tissue in the root canal and the density of blood vessels in the tissue. L-EXO showed a stronger effect than N-EXO did. The combination of L-EXO with SDF-1 might result in more regular arrangement of mineralized tissue and collagen fibers in the regenerative tissues.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Rats , Cell Differentiation , Dental Pulp , Exosomes , Lipopolysaccharides , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Regeneration , Stem Cells , Stromal CellsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To study the effect of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and 5-FU on the expression of caspase-3, EGFR, TGF-α proteins of tumor tissue of H22 cancer bearing mice and its anti-tumor mechanism.@*METHODS@#A total of 40 SPF grade Kunming mice were selected to establish H22 liver cancer model, and then the mice were divided into 4 groups at random with ten mice in each group. Group A was given saline lavage treatment, Group B was treated with 5-FU by intraperitoneal injection, Group C was treated with LTA by lump body injection; Group D was treated with LTA by lump body injection and 5-FU by intraperitoneal injection. Two weeks after the treatment, the mice in each group were executed and the tumor tissue was stripping and weighted, and the tumor growth inhibition ratio was calculated. Then the tumor tissue was processed for conventional embedding, sectioned to observe the expression of caspase-3, EGFR, TGF-α by immunohistochemical staining method.@*RESULTS@#The tumor inhibitory rate o f Group D was significantly higher than Groups B and C (P 0.05). The IDO values of TGF-α, EGFR proteins in Groups B, C, D mice tumor tissue were significantly lower than that in group A (P < 0.05); while IDO value of caspase-3 in Groups B, C, D group mice tumor tissue was significantly higher than that in Group A (P < 0.05). The IDO value of TGF-α, EGFR in Group D mice tumor tissue were significantly lower than that in Groups B and C; While IDO value of aspase-3 in Group D was significantly higher than that in Groups B and C (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#LTA combined with 5-FU can effectively inhibit the tumorigenesis of H22 tumor bearing mice, increase the caspase-3 protein expression, inhibit TGF-α and EGFR protein expression, further promote tumor cell apoptosis and play a synergistic antitumor effect.
ABSTRACT
measured by OCT 1 and 3mo after surgery. Chi-square test was used to compare preoperative and postoperative BCVA. Pearsion’s correlation was used to evaluate relationship between postoperative BCVA and central foveal thickness.RESULTS:The ratio of BCVA<0. 05 was 30%,14%, 11%and 7% respectively for per-operation, 1wk, 1 and 3mo post - operation. After surgery, the central foveal thickness was significantly increased in group with BCVA<0. 3 comparing to group with BCVA≥0. 3. Three month post-operation, central foveal thickness was significantly decreased in both groups comparing to that in 1mo post-operation (P<0. 01). There has significant correlation between 3mo postoperative BCVA and central foveal thickness (r=-0.716, P<0.05).CONCLUSlON: ln this study, BCVA is improved after 3mo follow up. There has significant correlation between postoperative BCVA and central foveal thickness.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the effect of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and 5-FU on the expression of caspase-3, EGFR, TGF-α proteins of tumor tissue of H22 cancer bearing mice and its anti-tumor mechanism. Methods: A total of 40 SPF grade Kunming mice were selected to establish H22 liver cancer model, and then the mice were divided into 4 groups at random with ten mice in each group. Group A was given saline lavage treatment, Group B was treated with 5-FU by intraperitoneal injection, Group C was treated with LTA by lump body injection; Group D was treated with LTA by lump body injection and 5-FU by intraperitoneal injection. Two weeks after the treatment, the mice in each group were executed and the tumor tissue was stripping and weighted, and the tumor growth inhibition ratio was calculated. Then the tumor tissue was processed for conventional embedding, sectioned to observe the expression of caspase-3, EGFR, TGF-α by immunohistochemical staining method. Results: The tumor inhibitory rate o f Group D was significantly higher than Groups B and C (P 0.05). The IDO values of TGF-α, EGFR proteins in Groups B, C, D mice tumor tissue were significantly lower than that in group A (P < 0.05); while IDO value of caspase-3 in Groups B, C, D group mice tumor tissue was significantly higher than that in Group A (P < 0.05). The IDO value of TGF-α, EGFR in Group D mice tumor tissue were significantly lower than that in Groups B and C; While IDO value of aspase-3 in Group D was significantly higher than that in Groups B and C (P < 0.05). Conclusions: LTA combined with 5-FU can effectively inhibit the tumorigenesis of H22 tumor bearing mice, increase the caspase-3 protein expression, inhibit TGF-α and EGFR protein expression, further promote tumor cell apoptosis and play a synergistic antitumor effect.
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Objective: To establish Xiaochaihu Granules multi-wavelength fingerprints and conduct Bupleuri Radix-preparations peaks matching studies for further limitation validation of a single wavelength fingerprint quality evaluation. Methods: RP-HPLC was adopted to estimate the similarity on three batches of Xiaochaihu Granules from three manufacturers and three batches of Xiaochaihu Granules by laboratory-made (total 12 batches), and make peaks match raw herbs under the same conditions; the contents of indicator ingredients in different batches of Xiaochaihu Granules were determined by RP-HPLC method. Results: There was few differences of the fingerprint similarities among the three batches of Xiaochaihu Granules both from the same manufacture and laboratory-made at the wavelength of 210, 254, 280, and 323 nm. Among the fingerprints of Xiaochaihu Granules from different manufactures, the similarities of Xiaochaihu Granules only from manufacture A and of the three batches of Xiaochaihu Granules from the laboratory-made were over 0.9 under the four wavelengths. The similarities from the other two manufacturers were over 0.9 except 280 nm, but less than 0.9 at the wavelength of 210, 254, and 323 nm. At 210, 254, 280, and 323 nm wavelengths, peak pattern matching showed that Xiaochaihu Granules had 5, 5, 2, and 18 matching peaks with Bupleuri Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Codonopsis Radix, and Scutellariae Radix, respectively. The contents of glycyrrhizic acid and baicalin in Xiaochaihu Granules from different manufactures were significantly different. Saikosaponins a and d, ferulic acid, atractylenoide III, and lobetyolin were not detected in the formulations. Conclusion: There are great limitations to estimate quality of Xiaochaihu Granules with the fingerprint similarity at 280 nm. Multi-wavelength similarity evaluation combined with the peak matching of fingerprint for medicinal materials and preparations and quantitative determination of active components could provide a reference for the comprehensive quality evaluation of preparations for Chinese materia medica.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the therapeutic efficacy both apexification and revascularization in the immature anterior teeth of animal model with apical periodontitis, and observe the histological situation of revascularization in the root canal.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Six immature anterior teeth of one animal model (dog) aged approximately 4.5 months was selected. Afterwards, periapical periodontitis pattern were established, the samples were randomly divided into the experimental group (revascularization, 3 teeth) and the control group (apexification, 3 teeth). To compare the development of root and the healing of periapical inflammation, the involved teeth were respectively radiographed 1, 4, 8 weeks after surgery. The animals were sacrificed after 8 weeks, and the closure of apical foramen and the content of root canal were observed by hematine-eosine (HE) staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The postoperative radiography after 1 week and 4 weeks, the apical foramen size and the periapical radiolucency of the samples was shown no perceptual change. After 8 weeks, the experimental group periapical radiolucency area was obviously more narrowing, and had a apical closure tendency whereas the thickness of the root canal walls had imperceptible changed. While the control group periapical radiolucency change varied. The granulation tissue could be seen within the lumen of the experimental group, which contained a large number of irregular calcification, the calcification was obvious in the apical and adjacent the root canal wall. A small quantity of hard tissue was deposited in the apical of the control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Revascularization may increase the recovery of immature anterior teeth with chronic periapical inflammation, the vital regenerative tissue within root canal is the granulation tissue contained calcification.</p>